Kazakhstan's
resources are centered around the gigantic Tengiz oil field (shown left).
Tengiz is operated by TengizChevroil, a joint venture between the Kazakh
government oil company and Chevron first formed in 1993.. The Tengiz field
is one of the largest in the world, with 6 to 9 billion barrels of reserves.
The project is currently producing 180,000 b/d of oil, much of it exported
through the Russian pipeline system to Novorossiysk. In the long term,
exports from Tengiz are expected to increase to 1.3 million barrels per
day by 2010. This volume is expected to be exported through a line that
is currently being constructed between Tengiz and Novorossiysk by the Caspian
Pipeline Consortium(CPC). The CPC line, however, would still face the
problem of exiting through the Bosporus and
the potential need for a bypass route. Due to
this problem, other options under consideration include exporting through
Iran,
either by dedicated pipeline or through
swaps, which are already underway in smaller volumes. Exports through
Iran are strongly opposed by the US. Another less
likely option that the US has proposed to support a Baku-Ceyhan
pipeline is a Trans-Caspian pipeline to tie Kazakh
oil in with Azerbaijani Oil.
|
|
(kb/d) |
to Port |
Tanker |
Pipeline |
Tanker |
Cost |
| Tengiz-Novorossiysk | 1300 | $1.42 | $1.23 | $2.65 | ||
| Novorossiysk-Samsun-
Ceyhan Bypass |
1300 | $1.42 | $0.40 | $0.88 | $0.76 | $3.46 |
| Novorossiysk-
Bosporus Bypass |
1300 / 1000 | $1.42 | $0.40 | $0.59 | $0.76 | $3.17 |
| Turkmenbashi-Kharg | 900 | $1.57 | $0.93 | $2.50 |
Individual Route Pages: