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Lessons learned for lifeline engineering from major urban earthquakes

T. D. O'Rourke

Proceedings of Eleventh World Conference of Earthquake Engieering

No.2172, 1996

The paper reviews the performance of lifelines during the 1989 Loma Prieta (Mw = 6.9), 1994 Northridge (Mw = 6.7), and 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu (Mw = 6.9) earthquakes. The interaction among different lifeline systems in described. Buried pipeline response to transient motion is discussed, and a simplified procedure is proposed for assessing damage potential by means of seismic response diagrams. The amplification of transient motion at liquefaction sites is discussed. Long period transient displacements at liquefaction sites are shown to be a cause of water distribution piping failure during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, and procedures are proposed for identifying and quantifying this hazard. Construction procedures for reducing the effects of permanent ground deformation on buried pipelines are summarized. A special "frictionless" wrap is described that reduces substantially the longitudinal friction between pipe and surronding soil, thereby allowing the pipeline to accommodate additional movement at fault crossings and landslides. Geographical information systems and real time monitoring are described in relation to lifeline system management and emergency response planning.

Elsevier

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